| [ | see test |
| apropos | man -k |
| ar | library archive |
| arch | machine architecture |
| at | schedule for later |
| atq | at queue |
| atrm | remove from at queue |
| autoconf | code management tool |
| automake | code management tool |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing |
| basename | strip directory and suffix from filenames |
| bash | shell |
| batch | executes commands when system load levels
permit |
| bc | arbitrary precision calculator |
| bunzip2 | file uncompressor |
| bzcat | decompresses files to stdout |
| bzip2 | file compressor |
| bzless | decompresses files to stdout via more/less |
| cal | calendar |
| cat | concatenate and print files |
| cdecl | compose C and C++ type declarations |
| chfn | change your finger information |
| chgrp | change group ownership of a file |
| chmod | change file access permissions of a file |
| chown | change file owner and group of a file |
| chsh | change your login shell |
| cksum | checksum and count the bytes in a file |
| clear | clear the terminal screen |
| cmp | compare two files (binary) |
| colrm | remove columns from a file |
| column | columnate lists |
| comm | compare two sorted files line by line |
| compress | compress file |
| cp | copy files and directories |
| cpio | copy files to and from archives |
| cproto | K&R -> ANSI |
| crontab | schedule regular events |
| csplit | split a file into sections determined by
context |
| ctags | generate tag file for Emacs |
| cut | remove sections from each line of files |
| cvs | Concurrent Versions System |
| date | print the system date and time |
| dc | arbitrary precision calculator (reverse polish) |
| dd | convert and copy a file |
| df | report filesystem disk space usage |
| diff | find differences between two files |
| diff3 | find differences between three files |
| dir | list directory contents |
| dirname | strip non-directory suffix from file name |
| du | estimate file space usage |
| echo | display a line of text |
| ed | line oriented text editor |
| egrep | print lines matching a pattern |
| env | run a program in a modified environment |
| ex | line oriented version of vi |
| expand | convert tabs to spaces |
| expr | evaluate expressions |
| factor | find prime factors of an integer |
| false | do nothing, unsuccessfully |
| fgrep | print lines matching a pattern |
| file | determine file type |
| find | search for files in a directory hierarchy |
| fmt | simple optimal text formatter |
| fold | wrap each input line to fit in specified width |
| gawk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| gdb | GNU Debugger |
| grep | print lines matching a pattern |
| groups | print the groups a user is in |
| gunzip | expand files |
| gzip | compress files |
| head | output the first part of files |
| id | print real and effective UIDs and GIDs |
| indent | indent a C program |
| install | copy files and set attributes |
| ispell | spelling checker |
| join | join lines of two files on a common field |
| kill | send a signal to a process |
| killall | kill by name |
| last | show listing of last logged in users |
| less | opposite of more |
| ln | make links between files |
| locale | describes a locale definition file |
| locate | quickly search for files |
| login | sign onto a system |
| lpq | spool queue examination program |
| lpr | off line print |
| lprm | remove jobs from the line printer spooling queue |
| ls | list directory contents |
| lynx | tty oriented web browser |
| make | maintain groups of programs |
| man | manual pages |
| md5sum | compute and check MD5 message digest |
| merge | three-way file merge |
| mkdir | make directories |
| mkfifo | create named pipes (FIFOs) |
| more | file perusal filter for crt viewing |
| mv | move (rename) files |
| newgrp | log in to a new group |
| nice | run a program with modified scheduling priority |
| nl | number lines of files |
| nm | list symbols from object files |
| nohup | run a command immune to hangups |
| objdump | display information from object files |
| od | dump files in octal and other format |
| passwd | update a user's password |
| paste | merge lines of files |
| patch | apply a diff file to an original |
| perl | Practical Extraction and Report Language |
| pr | paginate text files for printing |
| printenv | print all or part of environment |
| printf | format and print data |
| ps | report process status |
| pstree | display a tree of processes |
| pwd | print name of current/working directory |
| python | an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented
language |
| quota | display disk usage and limits |
| ranlib | generate index to archive |
| rcp | remote file copy |
| rcs | Revision Control System |
| rdist | remote file distribution client program |
| renice | alter priority of running processes |
| reset | reset a tty |
| rev | reverse lines of a file |
| rexec | remote execution client (do not use!) |
| rlogin | remote login (do not use!) |
| rm | remove files or directories |
| rmdir | remove empty directories |
| rpm | Red Hat Package Manager |
| rsh | remote shell (do not use!) |
| rsync | faster, flexible replacement for rcp |
| rup | remote machine status |
| ruptime | remote machine uptime |
| rusers | remote machine users |
| rwho | remote machine users |
| script | make typescript of terminal session |
| sed | stream editor |
| sh | shell |
| shar | shell archive |
| size | list section sizes and total size. |
| sleep | delay for a specified amount of time |
| sort | sort lines of text files |
| ssh | secure remote shell |
| strace | trace system calls and signals |
| strings | print the strings of printable characters in
files |
| strip | discard symbols from object files |
| su | run a shell with substitute user and group IDs |
| sum | checksum and count the blocks in a file |
| tail | output the last part of files |
| talk | talk to another user |
| tar | tape archiving |
| tcl | tool command language |
| tcsh | shell |
| tee | read from standard input and write to standard output
and files |
| telnet | login to remote machines |
| test | check file types and compare values |
| time | run and time a commmand |
| top | display top CPU processes |
| touch | change file timestamps |
| tr | translate or delete characters |
| true | do nothing, successfully |
| tsort | perform topological sort |
| tty | print the file name of the terminal connected to
standard input |
| type | show full path of commands |
| uncompress | expand data |
| unexpand | convert spaces to tabs |
| uniq | remove duplicate lines from a sorted file |
| unshar | unpack a shar file |
| uptime | tell how long the system has been running |
| users | print the user names of users currently logged |
| usleep | sleep some number of microseconds |
| uudecode | decode a file created by uuencode |
| uuencode | encode a binary file |
| vi | visual editor |
| w | show who is logged on and what they are doing |
| wall | send a message to everybody's terminal |
| wc | print the number of bytes, words, and lines in
files |
| which | show full path of commands |
| who | show who is logged on |
| whoami | print effective userid |
| wish | simple windowing shell |
| write | send a message to another user |
| xargs | build and execute command lines from standard
input |
| yes | output a string repeatedly until killed |
| zcat | expand files |
| zsh | shell |